https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34427 Thu 07 Mar 2019 13:39:38 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20490 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:02 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27577 Vibrio fischeri, are investigated. Results showed that coexistence of TC and Cu(II) showed a significant antagonistic effect, while TC and Cd(II) showed a synergistic effect. The aqueous speciation of TC with two metal cations was calculated using a chemical equilibrium software Visual MINTEQ and results indicated that a strong complexation exist between TC and Cu(II), while much weaker interaction between TC and Cd(II). Traditional joint toxicity prediction model based on independent action failed to predict the combined toxicity of TC with metals. A new method based on speciation calculation was used to evaluate the joint toxicity of ligands and cations. It is assumed that the metal–ligand complexes are non-toxic to V. fischeri and the joint toxicity is determined by the sum of toxic unit of free metal-ions and free organic ligands. It explained the joint toxicity of the mixed systems reasonably well. Meanwhile, citric acid (CA) and fulvic acid (FA) were also introduced in this study to provide a benchmark comparison with TC. Results showed it is also valid for mixed systems of CA and FA with metals except for the Cd–CA mixture.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:23:43 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35506 Mon 19 Aug 2019 16:02:29 AEST ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48272 Mon 13 Mar 2023 18:44:54 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44200 Mon 10 Oct 2022 15:21:24 AEDT ]]> https://ogma.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49677 Fri 26 May 2023 16:45:41 AEST ]]>